

One of the most interesting things about living in another culture is comparing

holidays. In the Netherlands, Christmas day (25 December) is a time to spend with your family. Though I think some families exchange

gifts on this day, traditionally this was not the case. Sinterklaas (December 5th) is the BIG day here for kids-- that is when children get gifts, not from Santa Claus, but from Sinterklaas. Sinterklaas lives in Spain-- anyone with any sense would know that the North Pole (though idyllic), is no Spain. Sinterklaas can live anywhere, so of course he chooses to live in sunny Spain. Sinterklaas brings his assistants (the very un-PC zwarte Piets) with him from Spain to dole out the consequences of every child's year of behavior. If you have been good you get some treat-- if you have been bad you, naturally, are kidnapped and taken to Spain and then sold into slavery.
My friend Katherina is visiting this weekend from Germany (she is American). We spent Saturday at the market (enjoying oliebollen, fried fish, and the selection of socks available for purchase). We had NO idea that yesterday was the day the Sint arrived from Spain. Fortunately we were able to see him, show him to James and take a photo or two. James was interested but not really aware of what was going on. There was a kind of Parade with the Sint and the zwarte Piets, and then a disco-dance party in the center in front of the church.
The following is a recently published UTnieuws article by cub reporter M. Maier:
Sinterklaas is the red-clad, white horse riding, mitre wearing, crozier-carrying bishop who comes from Spain at the beginning of winter with gifts for children. The tradition is he arrives on a steamboat with his many assistants, the zwarte pieten , usually on the Saturday three weeks before December 5th; each year he and his entourage land in a different town. On this day (in some circles all the days till the fifth), children place their shoes out in the hopes that their good behaviour will earn presents and treats. Typical treats are chocolate coins and letters, special cookies and candies and small toys.
When set out, often the shoes contain a carrot or some hay for St. Nicholas’ horse. On the evening of the 5th, Sinterklaas rides over the rooftops on his white horse and children open the door to find a sack full of presents for the family. If you misbehave, you risk an empty shoe or worse, being spirited away to Spain in a sack. Gift giving on December 5th is not only for children; adults traditionally exchange gifts and write a poem (sinterklaasgedicht) that pokes fun at the recipient. Today there are even websites that will generate poems for you. The village of Grou in Friesland is the only place in Holland that celebrates the feast at a different time, on February 21st.
Sinterklaas is an amalgam of several legends, mainly the Christian bishop St. Nicholas with elements of Germanic gods (Wodan/Odin) in the mix. The historical St. Nicholas was a bishop from the ancient Lycian city of Myra in Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Born in 280 A.D., persecution by the emperor Diocletian led the future saint to exile and imprisonment. He eventually attended the Council of Nicaea in 325 before he died on the 6th of December in 343 A.D. This day became a Christian feast day; some 200 years after his death legends became popular about his character and good deeds, especially helping needy children. Through history St. Nicholas has been revered in many cultures; very popular in the Middle Ages, he became the patron saint of children, mariners, orphans, labourers, travellers, merchants, judges, paupers, and marriageable maidens.
Legends tell of Nicholas’ anonymous generosity in helping the poor and women whose families could not afford a respectable dowry; from these origins we see in the Dutch tradition chocolate coins, sugar hearts, and speculaas cookies shaped like lovers typical at this time of year; the word speculaas also relates to bishop.
The figure of ‘Black Peter’ (Zwarte Piet) has origins more difficult to trace. One story says he was an Ethiopian orphan slave who after gaining his freedom remained to serve the generous St. Nicholas. In the 17th and 18th century it was fashionable for European elite to have Moorish pages in their service; today you will see this reflected in the costumes on the pieten. Also mentioned is a connection to chimneysweeps; one explanation is that after all these years bringing gifts down chimneys Piet is covered in soot and no one knows what colour his skin really is.
How does this 4th century bishop from Turkey come from Spain? One account is that in May of 1087 Italian admirers of the saint moved his bones from Myra to Bari in Italy to save Christian artefacts from the conquering Muslims, and that someone eventually confused one warm Mediterranean place for another. Why travel by steamboat? Many legends of the saint refer to his saving sailors at sea; as the patron saint of mariners many port cities have a church dedicated to Nicholas (in Holland: Amsterdam, Kampen, Harderwijk, Edam). Today, Sinterklaas and his pieten take advantage of the Netherland’s extensive canal system.
From Dutch immigrants, the American tradition of Santa Claus evolved from Sinterklaas and the legends of St. Nicholas. In a Knickerbocker's History of New York, Washington Irving included many references to a Sinterklaas based jolly Dutch burgher who gave gifts anonymously and came down chimneys.